Medication And Vaccination Schedule For Turkey

Health management cannot be neglected in any breed of commercial bird, turkey is not an exemption. It appears that turkeys are susceptible to diseases like Blackhead (Histomoniasis), newcastle disease, fowl cholera, fowl pox and Haemorrhagic enteritis. This make them to require higher level of management skill than any other other domestic fowls. High priority must be on Biosecurity to control infectious disease and minimize introduction of pathogens into flocks. The four primary causes of disease are genetics, nutrition, environment and infection.
Biosecurity is the use of measures which can stop or slow down the spread of infection between components of production systems like managing people, equipment, pests and their potential for carrying diseases into a flock.


Below is the guide to medication and vaccination schedule for turkey. Be reminded that Marek's subcutaneous injection is usually given to turkey at hatchery.
Day 1 - Glucose or multivitamins to reduce transportation stress
Day 2 to 6 - Antibiotics drug and Multivitamins
Day 7 - Multivitamins only
Day 8 - LaSota vaccine, clean water when vaccinated water is finished
Day 9 - Multivitamins only
Day 10 to 13 - Anticoccidiosis drug
Day 14 - Multivitamins only
Day 15 - LaSota vaccine, clean water when vaccinated water is finished
Day 16 - Multivitamins only
Day 17 to 19 - Tyloxine based drug
Day 20 - Multivitamins only
Day 21 - Gumboro, clean water after vaccinated water
Day 23 - Hemorrhagic Enteritis in drinking water
Week 5 - Deworming
Week 6 - Fowl Pox vaccine (Wing Web)
Week 7 - Fowl Cholera (M9) in drinking water
Week 9 - LaSota vaccine
Week 10 - Fowl Cholera (varying sero-types) in drinking water
Week 15 - LaSota vaccine

Note:
1. Turkeys can be dewormed every 5 or 6 week depending on the worm load.
2. LaSota vaccine could be repeated at interval of one months (4 weeks)
3. Drugs; antibiotics, anticoccidiosis and antiviral could be alternated within the weeks to prevent and treat infections.
4. This schedule is just a guide and can therefore be subjected to change according to vet doctor's advice or disease infestation.
5. Some of other routine management like desnooding, Beak/Claw trimming and wing clipping are discussed below:

1. Desnooding
Snood is the tubular fleshy appendage on top of the head near the front. Desnooding is the removal of the snood to prevent injuries from pecking or fighting which may result to erysipelas disease. The snood can be cut off close to the head with sharp, pointed scissors around 3 week old or better still remove by fingernails at day old.

2. Beak Trimming (Debeaking)
The young flock should be debeaked in order to control feather pecking and cannibalism especially when they are to be raised in intensive housing system. It is usually done at 10 days of age. Beak of adult turkeys can also be trimmed using nail clippers or appropriate scissors. Read more about Beak And Claw Trimming.

3. Claw Clipping
This is the removal of toenails which is usually done at the hatchery but it can also be done at 5 week old. This is to prevent tearing of flesh during fight and mating. The most common form of toe clipping involves cutting the inside and middle toe on each foot. Toes can be cut with surgical scissors, a nail clipper or a modified hot-blade debeaker.

4. Wing clipping
These are practiced when the birds are placed on range usually at 15 week old in order to prevent flight over the range fence. This invariably prevent the turkeys from jumping out of the range into predators.


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Cited Works
1. Turkeys - https://agriceducation.com, retrieved on 6th May, 2019.
2. Turkey Parasites - https://agriculturenigeria.com, retrieved on 4th May, 2019.
3. Poultry biosecurity, Beak and claw trimming - https://artibfarm.blogspot.com

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